Which technique is used to determine the likelihood that genetic material belongs to a specific individual?

DNA fingerprinting is the technique used to determine the likelihood that genetic material belongs to a specific individual. This method relies on analyzing unique patterns in an individual's DNA. Each person has a distinctive genetic makeup, and DNA fingerprinting focuses on regions of the genome that exhibit variations among individuals. By examining these differences, forensic scientists can compare DNA samples from a crime scene or other sources to a specific individual, thereby establishing identity with a high degree of certainty.

In contrast, genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genes and does not directly relate to identifying specific individuals. Clone analysis refers to examining genetic material to study specific genes or traits, rather than determining individual identity. Biotechnology encompasses a broad range of applications, including the use of living organisms or their products to create useful products or processes, but it is not specifically designed for individual identification through DNA analysis.