What term is used for the insertion of genes into an organism's cells to replace defective genes?

The term for the insertion of genes into an organism's cells to replace defective genes is gene therapy. This technique involves introducing a healthy copy of a gene into the cells of a person who has a disorder caused by a defective gene. The goal is to correct the genetic defect and restore normal function, thereby treating or potentially curing the condition. Gene therapy can target a variety of genetic disorders by using various methods, such as viral vectors, to deliver the therapeutic gene into the patient’s cells.

In contrast, DNA fingerprinting is a method used for identifying individuals based on their unique DNA sequences and is not related to gene replacement or therapy. Biotechnology encompasses a wide range of techniques, including gene therapy, but it also includes processes like cloning and genetic engineering that may not directly involve treating genetic diseases. Stem cell therapy focuses on the use of stem cells to regenerate or repair damaged tissues or organs, which may not specifically involve gene replacement. Thus, gene therapy is the most accurate term for the process described.