What refers to unrestrained cell growth caused by certain genes not expressing properly?

The phenomenon of unrestrained cell growth is characteristic of cancer. Cancer arises when certain genes, particularly those that regulate cell division and growth, are not expressed or function properly. This malfunction can be due to mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, leading to unchecked cellular proliferation.

In the context of cancer, oncogenes promote cell growth and division, while tumor suppressor genes typically act to inhibit these processes. When there is a dysregulation caused by genetic mutations, the balance is disrupted, resulting in the formation of tumors and potentially leading to malignant growth.

Thus, the term that accurately describes this pathological state of uncontrolled cell growth due to gene expression failure is cancer. Other options refer to different biological processes or phenomena, such as nondisjunction (the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during cell division), translocation (a genetic rearrangement involving the transfer of a chromosome fragment), and genetic disorders (which encompass a range of diseases caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes). However, these do not specifically address the concept of unrestrained cell growth like cancer does.