What is the study of genetics within a specific population called?

The study of genetics within a specific population is known as population genetics. This branch of genetics focuses on the distribution and change in frequency of alleles within populations, and how evolutionary forces such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow influence these genetic variations. Researchers in this field analyze genetic variations and their relation to the phenotypic traits of individuals in a population, as well as how these traits evolve over time within the context of a specific population, rather than looking at genetics at a broader scale.

Population genetics is essential for understanding evolution, speciation, and the genetic structure of populations, making it a foundational concept in both ecology and evolutionary biology. In contrast, genetic screening refers to testing individuals for genetic disorders, eugenics involves manipulating genetic traits for perceived improvement in humans, and hybridization is the process of breeding between different species or varieties. These concepts are distinct from the focus of population genetics on the genetic composition and dynamics of populations.