What is the outcome called when an individual possesses too many or too few chromosomes due to nondisjunction?

The outcome of possessing too many or too few chromosomes due to nondisjunction is known as aneuploidy. Nondisjunction refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, which can lead to gametes containing an abnormal number of chromosomes. When fertilization occurs with these gametes, the resulting offspring may end up with an extra chromosome (as in trisomy) or a missing chromosome (as in monosomy), thus resulting in aneuploidy.

This condition is significant in genetics as it often leads to various developmental disorders and syndromes, such as Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

In contrast, the other options refer to different chromosomal alterations. Translocation involves the rearrangement of parts between non-homologous chromosomes, while inversion involves a segment of a chromosome being flipped in orientation. Point mutations refer to changes in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, rather than whole chromosomes. Each of these concepts plays important roles in genetics, but they are not related to the specific issue of chromosome number variation arising from nondisjunction, which is why aneuploidy is the correct term in this context.