What is made up of dead virus particles and provokes an immune response?

An inactivated vaccine is composed of viruses that have been killed or inactivated, making them unable to replicate or cause disease while still being able to provoke an immune response. When administered, these dead virus particles stimulate the immune system to recognize them as potential threats, leading to the production of antibodies and memory cells specific to that virus. This prepares the immune system to respond swiftly and effectively in the event of future exposure to the live virus.

In contrast, an attenuated vaccine uses live viruses that have been weakened so they cannot cause disease but can still replicate to provoke a robust immune response. Emerging viruses refer to newly identified viruses that may not be well understood, and a communicable disease pertains to any disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another, but it doesn't specifically indicate anything about vaccine composition.