What classification method is based on observable physical traits and characteristics?

The classification method that relies on observable physical traits and characteristics is the artificial system of classification. This method systematically groups organisms based on easily observable features, such as color, shape, size, or other morphological traits, without necessarily considering their evolutionary relationships or genetic connections.

This approach can be useful for practical identification in certain contexts, especially when quick identification of species is needed based on clear characteristics. However, it may not reflect the true biological relationships between organisms, as it does not incorporate information about ancestry or genetic lineage.

In contrast, other classification systems like the natural classification system emphasize grouping organisms based on shared evolutionary history and genetic similarities, while the phylogenetic system is based on the evolutionary connections among organisms. The hierarchical classification system illustrates different levels of organization, but again, may not focus solely on observable traits like the artificial system does. Thus, the artificial classification method is distinct for its reliance on immediate, observable characteristics.