In evolutionary biology, what is typically meant by "survival of the fittest"?

The phrase "survival of the fittest" is often misunderstood, but it fundamentally refers to the idea that the organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This concept emphasizes that fitness is not merely about strength or speed but is broader, encompassing any trait that enhances an organism's ability to thrive in a specific niche. This can include physical traits, behavioral adaptations, or reproductive strategies that improve an organism's chance of passing on its genes to the next generation.

The correct interpretation focuses on adaptation to the environment rather than one-dimensional traits like strength or speed. Therefore, it aligns with the idea that it is the best-adapted organisms that are more likely to survive and reproduce, allowing them to pass their advantageous traits to their offspring. This concept is central to the process of natural selection, which drives evolution by favoring traits that improve survival and reproductive success.